Foreign Languages (Japanese)

Detailed Solution: The word 'Ojiisan' (grandfather) is written in Hiragana as おじいさん. 'O' is お, 'JI' is じ, 'I' is い, 'SA' is さ, 'N' is ん.

Detailed Solution: The word 'Gakki' (musical instrument) is written in Hiragana as がっき. 'GA' is が, small 'tsu' for double 'k' is っ, 'KI' is き.

Detailed Solution: The word 'Kabin' (vase) is written in Hiragana as かびん. 'KA' is か, 'BI' is び, 'N' is ん.

Detailed Solution: The word 'Rakuda' (camel) is written in Hiragana as らくだ. 'RA' is ら, 'KU' is く, 'DA' is だ.

Detailed Solution: The sentence structure is 'A is B' (A wa B desu). The topic marker particle 'wa' (は) is used here. 'Are wa kaban desu' (That is a bag over there).

Detailed Solution: To express possession (whose bag), the possessive particle 'no' is used. 'dare no' means 'whose'. 'Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka' (Whose bag is this?).

Detailed Solution: To specify a location inside something, the possessive particle 'no' is used to connect the noun and the position. 'Saifu no naka' (Inside of the wallet).

Detailed Solution: The verb 'arimasu' indicates existence. To show the location of existence, the particle 'ni' is used. 'isu no shita ni arimasu' (is under the chair).

Detailed Solution: Mushi (bugs/insects) are counted using the small animal counter '-hiki'. Five bugs is 'gohiki'.

Detailed Solution: The counter for people is '-nin', but 1 person is an exception pronounced 'hitori'.

Detailed Solution: The particle 'ni' indicates location, so (3) means the 3rd floor. The counter for floors is '-kai', but the 3rd floor is an exception pronounced 'sangai'.

Detailed Solution: Apples (round objects) use the general counter '-tsu'. Six objects is 'muttsu'.

Detailed Solution: To indicate the means of transportation (by train), the particle 'de' is used. 'Densha de ikimasu' (I will go by train).

Detailed Solution: To indicate the direct object of the verb 'tabemashita' (ate), the object particle 'o' (を) is used. 'nani o tabemashita ka' (What did you eat?).

Detailed Solution: To indicate the tool or means used to perform an action (wrote with a fountain pen), the particle 'de' is used. 'mannenhitsu de' (with a fountain pen).

Detailed Solution: To connect two nouns comprehensively (meaning 'and'), the particle 'to' is used. 'naifu to supuun' (knife and spoon).

Detailed Solution: Both 'ni' and 'e' can indicate destination, but 'e' (direction marker) is strongly associated with motion verbs like 'ikimashita'. Option D is marked as standard.

Detailed Solution: To indicate the specific time an action occurs (at 11 o'clock), the particle 'ni' is used. 'juu ichiji ni' (at 11:00).

Detailed Solution: The direct object of the verb 'shimasu' (do) is 'shukudai' (homework), marked by the object particle 'o'. 'shukudai o shimasu' (do homework).

Detailed Solution: The person receiving the action (making a phone call TO her) is marked by the indirect object particle 'ni'. 'Kanojo ni' (to her).

i. Yuubinkyoku: Post office
ii. gijutsusha: Engineer
iii. shukudai: Homework
iv. hanashimasu: To speak / To talk
v. Ringo: Apple
vi. karimasu: To borrow
vii. kaigi: Meeting / Conference
viii. aimasu: To meet

i. 56738: go man roku sen nana hyaku san juu hachi
ii. 24761: ni man yon sen nana hyaku roku juu ichi
iii. 35600: san man go sen roppyaku
iv. 67890: roku man nana sen happyaku kyuu juu
v. 45614: yon man go sen roppyaku juu yon
vi. 78951: nana man hassen kyuu hyaku go juu ichi
vii. 87654: hachi man nana sen roppyaku go juu yon
viii. 92345: kyuu man ni sen san byaku yon juu go

i. 5.15 am: Gozen go ji juu go fun
ii. 6.30 pm: Gogo roku ji han (or Gogo roku ji san jup pun)
iii. 7.35 am: Gozen shichi ji san juu go fun
iv. 8.40 pm: Gogo hachi ji yon jup pun
v. 11.20 pm: Gogo juu ichi ji ni jup pun
vi. 12.10 am: Gozen rei ji jup pun (or Gozen juu ni ji jup pun)
vii. 2.50 pm: Gogo ni ji go jup pun
viii. 3.45 am: Gozen san ji yon juu go fun

(i) Atsui desu (Past negative): Atsuku arimasen deshita (or Atsukunakatta desu)
(ii) Kireina (Present negative): Kirei dewa arimasen (or Kirei ja arimasen)
(iii) Muzukashii (past affirmative): Muzukashikatta desu
(iv) Shizuka (past negative): Shizuka dewa arimasen deshita (or Shizuka ja nakatta desu)
(v) Daijobu (past affirmative): Daijoubu deshita
(vi) Mijikaku arimasen (Present affirmative): Mijikai desu
(vii) Yasashii desu. Hansamu desu (Connect the two): Yasashikute, hansamu desu.
(viii) Oishii (Present negative): Oishiku arimasen (or Oishikunai desu)

(i) Nihon e ikimasu (past affirmative): Nihon e ikimashita.
(ii) Keitai o kaimasu (Past negative): Keitai o kaimasen deshita.
(iii) Umi de Oyogimasu (present negative): Umi de oyogimasen.
(iv) Uchi e kaerimasu (Past affirmative): Uchi e kaerimashita.
(v) Hon o yomimasendeshita (past affirmative): Hon o yomimashita.
(vi) Kaimono o shimasen (past negative): Kaimono o shimasen deshita.
(vii) Kuji ni nemasu (Past affirmative): Kuji ni nemashita.
(viii) Juusu o Nomimasen (Present affirmative): Juusu o nomimasu.

Dialogue Summary: Rahul calls to check exhibition timings (10am to 8pm, until next Sunday). Then he speaks with Arun and they decide to go to the exhibition together tomorrow, meeting in front of the station at 9 o'clock.

(i) Where does Mr.Rahul want to go?
He wants to go to the exhibition (tenrankai).

(ii) What are the working hours?
From 10:00 am to 8:00 pm (Gozen juu ji kara gogo hachi ji made).

(iii) Till when is it open?
Until next week's Sunday (Raishuu no nichiyoubi made).

(iv) Where did they decide to meet?
In front of the station at 9 o'clock (Kuji ni eki no mae).

27.a. Dialogue between Ram and Rahul (Sightseeing)
Ram: Rahul san, ashita wa hima desu ka. (Rahul, are you free tomorrow?)
Rahul: Hai, hima desu. Doushite desu ka. (Yes, I am free. Why?)
Ram: Issho ni kankou ni ikimasen ka. (Would you like to go sightseeing together?)
Rahul: Ii desu ne. Doko e ikimasu ka. (That sounds good. Where shall we go?)
Ram: Asakusa to Tokyo Tawaa e ikitai desu. (I want to go to Asakusa and Tokyo Tower.)
Rahul: Asakusa de nani o shimasu ka. (What will we do at Asakusa?)
Ram: O-tera o mite, o-shouyu senbei o tabemashou. (Let's see the temple and eat soy sauce crackers.)
Rahul: Wakarimashita. Nan ji ni aimasu ka. (Understood. What time shall we meet?)
Ram: Gozen kuji ni Shinjuku eki de aimashou. (Let's meet at 9:00 am at Shinjuku station.)
Rahul: Hai, jaa mata ashita. (Yes, see you tomorrow.)

27.b. Essay: Festivals of Japan
Festivals in Japan, known as Matsuri, are an essential part of the country's cultural and spiritual identity. Most festivals are deeply rooted in Shinto or Buddhist beliefs, traditionally held to express gratitude for successful harvests, pray for good fortune, or honor local deities. Some of the most globally recognized festivals include the Gion Matsuri in Kyoto, famous for its massive, intricately decorated wooden floats, and the Nebuta Matsuri in Aomori, which showcases gigantic illuminated paper floats of mythological figures.

During these festivals, the streets are alive with energy. People often dress in traditional summer cotton kimonos called 'yukata'. The atmosphere is filled with the rhythmic sounds of taiko drums and flutes, while local food stalls, known as 'yatai', sell delicious street foods like takoyaki, yakisoba, and shaved ice. Fireworks displays (Hanabi) are particularly popular in the summer. Matsuri bring communities together and offer visitors a glimpse into Japan's vibrant heritage.