B.Tech/M.Tech(Integrated) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2023
21LEH106T - KOREAN (1st/2nd Semester)

Detailed Solution:
아니요 = No
네 = Yes
돈 = Money
인도 = India

Detailed Solution:
독일 (Dogil) is Germany.

Detailed Solution:
안녕 = Hello/Bye
잘자요 = Good night
감사합니다 = Thank you
가세요 = Please go

Detailed Solution:
돈 = Money
가방 = Bag
일본 = Japan
캐나다 = Canada

Detailed Solution:
에/에서 = Location/Time particles
은/는 = Topic marking particles
이/가 = Subject marking particles
을/를 = Object marking particles

Detailed Solution:
모자 = Hat
볼펜 = Ballpoint pen
카메라 = Camera
집 = House

Detailed Solution:
마시다 (Masida) means to drink.

Detailed Solution:
명 = People
병 = Bottles
개 = General items
마리 = Animals

Detailed Solution:
뭐 = What
언제 = When
어디 = Where
얼마 = How much

Detailed Solution:
친구 (Chingu) means friend.

Detailed Solution:
공원 = Park
도서관 = Library (The paper has a typo: 도서권)
학교 = School
병원 = Hospital

Detailed Solution:
사과 (Sagwa) means Apple (or apology).

Detailed Solution:
화요일 = Tuesday
목요일 = Thursday
수요일 = Wednesday
일요일 = Sunday

Detailed Solution:
앞 (Ap) means front. (뒤 = behind, 오른쪽 = right side, 옆 = side)

Detailed Solution:
신문 (Sinmun) means Newspaper.

Detailed Solution:
Sino Korean 7 is 칠 (Chil), 10 is 십 (Sip). So 77 is 칠십칠. 팔십팔 = 88, 구십구 = 99, 이십이 = 22.

Detailed Solution:
가다 (to go) + -(으)세요 (polite request) = 가세요 (Please go).

Detailed Solution:
바나나 = Banana
오렌지 = Orange
과일 = Fruit(s)
포도 = Grape

Detailed Solution:
Sino Korean 12 is 십이 (12) + 월 (Month) = 십이월.

Detailed Solution:
오전 = a.m.
오후 = p.m.
주말 = weekend
저녁 = evening

Detailed Solution for (a):
i. Vowels and Double Vowels:
Basic Vowels (10): ㅏ (a), ㅑ (ya), ㅓ (eo), ㅕ (yeo), ㅗ (o), ㅛ (yo), ㅜ (u), ㅠ (yu), ㅡ (eu), ㅣ (i).
Double Vowels (11): ㅐ (ae), ㅒ (yae), ㅔ (e), ㅖ (ye), ㅘ (wa), ㅙ (wae), ㅚ (oe), ㅝ (wo), ㅞ (we), ㅟ (wi), ㅢ (ui).

ii. Rules to write Syllables:
1. A syllable must begin with a consonant. (If the sound begins with a vowel, the placeholder 'ㅇ' is used).
2. A syllable must contain at least one vowel.
3. Horizontal vowels (like ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ) are written *below* the initial consonant.
4. Vertical vowels (like ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅣ) are written to the *right* of the initial consonant.
5. Final consonants (batchim) are written at the *bottom* of the syllable block.

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Self Introduction (Sample):
안녕하세요. (Hello.)
제 이름은 [Your Name]입니다. (My name is [Name].)
저는 인도 사람입니다. (I am from India.)
저는 학생입니다. (I am a student.)
만나서 반갑습니다. (Nice to meet you.)

Detailed Solution for (a):
1. Topic Marking Particles (은/는):
These particles are attached to nouns to indicate the main topic of the sentence.
- 은 (eun): Attached to a noun ending in a consonant.
  Example: 선생님 + 은 = 선생님은 (As for the teacher)
- 는 (neun): Attached to a noun ending in a vowel.
  Example: 나 + 는 = 나는 (As for me)

2. Sentence Ending Expressions (이에요/예요):
These are the polite forms of the 'to be' verb (이다) used to equate a subject with a noun.
- 이에요 (ieyo): Used when the preceding noun ends in a consonant.
  Example: 저는 학생이에요. (I am a student.)
- 예요 (yeyo): Used when the preceding noun ends in a vowel.
  Example: 이것은 사과예요. (This is an apple.)

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Detailed Solution for (b):
The counter for general objects like apples is 개 (gae). We use Native Korean numbers.
1: 한 개 (han gae)
2: 두 개 (du gae)
3: 세 개 (se gae)
4: 네 개 (ne gae)
5: 다섯 개 (daseot gae)
6: 여섯 개 (yeoseot gae)
7: 일곱 개 (ilgop gae)
8: 여덟 개 (yeodeol gae)
9: 아홉 개 (ahop gae)
10: 열 개 (yeol gae)

Detailed Solution for (a):
Rules:
Rule 1: If the verb stem's last vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, add 아요 (ayo).
Rule 2: If the verb stem's last vowel is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ (e.g., ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅣ, ㅡ), add 어요 (eoyo).
Rule 3: If the verb ends in '하다' (hada), it changes to 해요 (haeyo).

Conjugations:
i. 사다 (to buy) -> Stem '사' ends in ㅏ -> 사 + 아요 = 사요 (sayo)
ii. 마시다 (to drink) -> Stem '마시' ends in ㅣ -> 마시 + 어요 = 마셔요 (masyeoyo)
iii. 만나다 (to meet) -> Stem '만나' ends in ㅏ -> 만나 + 아요 = 만나요 (mannayo)
iv. 공부하다 (to study) -> Ends in 하다 -> 공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo)

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Detailed Solution for (b):
1. -고 있다: Present progressive form (doing something right now). Attached to the verb stem.
  Example: 밥을 먹고 있어요. (I am eating rice.)
2. -(이)나: Means "or" when used between nouns.
  Example: 빵이나 밥을 먹어요. (I eat bread or rice.)
3. 쯤: Means "about" or "approximately" attached after quantities, time, or places.
  Example: 한 시쯤 만나요. (Let's meet at about 1 o'clock.)

Detailed Solution for (a):
Days of the Week:
Monday = 월요일
Tuesday = 화요일
Wednesday = 수요일
Thursday = 목요일
Friday = 금요일
Saturday = 토요일
Sunday = 일요일

Months of the Year:
January = 일월
February = 이월
March = 삼월
April = 사월
May = 오월
June = 유월 (Irregular: not 육월)
July = 칠월
August = 팔월
September = 구월
October = 시월 (Irregular: not 십월)
November = 십일월
December = 십이월

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Detailed Solution for (b):
i. 안녕하세요 = Hello.
ii. 저는 학생 이에요. = I am a student.
iii. 저는 돈 있어요. = I have money.
iv. 책 얼마예요? = How much is the book?
v. 오세요 = Please come.
vi. 빵하고물 = Bread and water.
vii. 저는 집에 갔었어요 = I had gone home. (Or 'I went home').
viii. 구백원 이에요. = It is 900 won.

Detailed Solution for (a):
Usage of -(으)세요:
This is a polite imperative form used to make a request or command, meaning "Please do...".
- -세요: Attached to verb stems ending in a vowel. (e.g., 가다 -> 가세요)
- -으세요: Attached to verb stems ending in a consonant. (e.g., 읽다 -> 읽으세요)

Conversation:
Shopkeeper: 어서 오세요. (Welcome.)
Customer: 안녕하세요. 사과 있어요? (Hello. Do you have apples?)
Shopkeeper: 네, 있어요. (Yes, we do.)
Customer: 사과 두 개 주세요. (Please give me two apples.)
Shopkeeper: 네, 여기 있어요. (Yes, here they are.)

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Explanation of -지요 / -(이)지요:
This form is used to ask for confirmation about something the speaker believes the listener already knows. It translates to "...isn't it?" or "...right?".
- -지요 (often shortened to 죠): Used after verbs/adjectives, and nouns ending in a vowel.
- -이지요 (이죠): Used after nouns ending in a consonant.

Fill in the blanks:
i. 내일 금요일 이지요? (Tomorrow is Friday, right? - 금요일 ends in a consonant)
ii. 그 사람 의사 지요? (That person is a doctor, right? - 의사 ends in a vowel)
iii. 영화 좋 지요? (The movie is good, isn't it? - 좋다 is an adjective, stem '좋')
iv. 김치 맛 있지요? or 맛있지요? (Kimchi is delicious, right? - Assuming the word is 맛있다 -> 맛있지요?) (If just '맛', it would be 맛이지요?)

Detailed Solution:
i. 저는 선생님이에요. (jeo-neun seon-saeng-nim-i-e-yo.)
ii. 가방(이) 있어요? (ga-bang-(i) it-seo-yo?)
iii. 신문(이) 얼마예요? (sin-mun-(i) eol-ma-ye-yo?)
iv. 팔백 원이에요. (pal-baek won-i-e-yo.)
v. 저는 집에 가요. (jeo-neun jib-e ga-yo.)
vi. 내일은 일요일이에요. (nae-il-eun il-yo-il-i-e-yo.)
vii. 오세요. (o-se-yo.)
viii. 저는 학교에 갔어요. (jeo-neun hak-gyo-e gat-seo-yo.)
ix. 어디에 가요? (eo-di-e ga-yo?)
x. 야채를 사고 싶어요. (ya-chae-reul sa-go sip-eo-yo.)

Detailed Solution:
Sino-Korean Numbers (1-10):
일 (1), 이 (2), 삼 (3), 사 (4), 오 (5), 육 (6), 칠 (7), 팔 (8), 구 (9), 십 (10).

Native Korean Numbers (1-10):
하나 (1), 둘 (2), 셋 (3), 넷 (4), 다섯 (5), 여섯 (6), 일곱 (7), 여덟 (8), 아홉 (9), 열 (10).

Time (Hours use Native, Minutes use Sino):
i. 7:55 = 일곱 시 오십오 분
ii. 12'o clock = 열두 시
iii. 9:10 a.m = 오전 아홉 시 십 분
iv. 4:30 p.m = 오후 네 시 삼십 분 (or 오후 네 시 반)
v. 2:45 = 두 시 사십오 분