B.Tech/M.Tech(Integrated) DEGREE EXAMINATION, JANUARY 2022
21LEH106T - KOREAN (1st Semester)

Detailed Solution:
안녕 = Hello/Bye
감사합니다 = Thank you (formal)
가세요 = Please go
고마워 = Thanks (informal). The formal version is the standard correct answer for exams.

Detailed Solution:
호주 = Australia
캐나다 = Canada
미국 = USA
일본 = Japan

Detailed Solution:
아니요 = No
사람 = Person
네 = Yes
의사 = Doctor

Detailed Solution:
선생님 (Seonsaengnim) means Teacher.

Detailed Solution:
바나나 = Banana
오렌지 = Orange
사과 = Apple
포도 = Grape

Detailed Solution:
공원 = Park
공책 = Notebook
병원 = Hospital
책 = Book

Detailed Solution:
학교 (Hakgyo) means school.

Detailed Solution:
개 = General items
병 = Bottles
잔 = Cups/Glasses
마리 = Animals

Detailed Solution:
Sino Korean 7 is 칠 (Chil) and 10 is 십 (Sip). 77 is 칠십칠 (Chilsipchil).

Detailed Solution:
오전 = a.m. (before noon)
주말 = weekend
아침 = morning
오후 = p.m. (afternoon)

Detailed Solution:
마시다 = To drink
사다 = To buy
공부하다 = To study
먹다 = To eat

Detailed Solution:
앞 (Ap) means front.

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야채 (Yachae) or 채소 (Chaeso) means Vegetables.

Detailed Solution:
어디 (Eodi) means where.

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내일 (Naeil) means Tomorrow.

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병원 (Byeongwon) means Hospital.

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Sino Korean 12 is 십이 (Sibi) + 월 (Month) = 십이월 (December).

Detailed Solution:
토요일 (Toyoil) is Saturday.

Detailed Solution:
야채 = Vegetables
과자 = Snacks
과일 = Fruits
고기 = Meat

Detailed Solution:
전화 (Jeonhwa) means Telephone.

Detailed Solution for (a):
Consonants (14): ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ.
Double Consonants (5): ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ.

Rules for Syllable Blocks:
1. Consonant + Vertical Vowel: Written side-by-side. (e.g., ㄱ + ㅏ = 가).
2. Consonant + Horizontal Vowel: Vowel is written below the consonant. (e.g., ㄱ + ㅗ = 고).
3. Consonant + Vowel + Final Consonant (Batchim): The final consonant is written at the bottom. (e.g., ㄱ + ㅏ + 방 = 강; ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한).
4. A syllable must always begin with a consonant. If the sound starts with a vowel, the silent 'ㅇ' is used (e.g., ㅇ + ㅏ = 아).

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Sample Dialogue (Exchanging Information):
Person A: 안녕하세요? 저는 아미트입니다. 인도 사람입니다.
(Hello? I am Amit. I am Indian.)
Person B: 만나서 반갑습니다. 저는 제인입니다. 캐나다 사람입니다.
(Nice to meet you. I am Jane. I am Canadian.)
Person A: 제인 씨는 학생이에요?
(Are you a student, Jane?)
Person B: 아니요, 저는 의사예요. 아미트 씨는 요리사예요?
(No, I am a doctor. Are you a chef, Amit?)
Person A: 네, 저는 요리사예요.
(Yes, I am a chef.)

Detailed Solution for (a):
Explanation of Object Marking Particles (을/를):
These particles are attached to a noun to indicate that it is the direct object of a transitive verb.
- 을 (eul): Used when the preceding noun ends in a consonant (batchim).
- 를 (reul): Used when the preceding noun ends in a vowel.

Fill in the blanks:
(i) 카메라를 사요. (카메라 ends in a vowel)
(ii) 한국어를 공부해요. (한국어 ends in a vowel)
(iii) 물을 마시어요/마셔요. (물 ends in a consonant)
(iv) 공책을 팔아요. (공책 ends in a consonant)

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Structure of a Counter:
In Korean, when counting objects, the structure is generally: [Noun] + [Number (usually Native Korean)] + [Counter].
Example: 사과 한 개 (Apple one counter).

Counter for Apples (개) from 1 to 10:
1: 한 개
2: 두 개
3: 세 개
4: 네 개
5: 다섯 개
6: 여섯 개
7: 일곱 개
8: 여덟 개
9: 아홉 개
10: 열 개

Detailed Solution for (a):
3 Rules for Past Tense Conjugation:
Rule 1: If the verb stem's final vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, add 았어요.
Rule 2: If the verb stem's final vowel is NOT ㅏ or ㅗ (e.g., ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅣ, ㅡ), add 었어요.
Rule 3: If the verb ends in '하다', it changes to 했어요.

Conjugations:
(i) 요리하다 (To cook) -> 요리했어요
(ii) 만나다 (To meet) -> Stem '만나' + 았어요 -> 만났어요
(iii) 보다 (To see) -> Stem '보' + 았어요 -> 봤어요
(iv) 마시다 (To drink) -> Stem '마시' + 었어요 -> 마셨어요

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Explanations and Examples:
1. 도 (do): Means 'also' or 'too'. It replaces subject/object particles.
  Example: 저도 학생이에요. (I am also a student.)
2. 쯤 (jjeum): Means 'about' or 'approximately', used with time/quantity.
  Example: 한 시쯤 만나요. (Let's meet about 1 o'clock.)
3. 나 / 이나 (na / ina): Means 'or' used between nouns. (나 after vowel, 이나 after consonant).
  Example: 빵이나 밥을 먹어요. (I eat bread or rice.)
4. -고 있어요 (go isseoyo): Present progressive ending ('am/is/are doing').
  Example: 공부하고 있어요. (I am studying.)
5. 안 (an): Negative adverb placed right before a verb/adjective meaning 'not'.
  Example: 사과를 안 먹어요. (I do not eat apples.)

Detailed Solution for (a):
Days of the Week:
Monday: 월요일, Tuesday: 화요일, Wednesday: 수요일, Thursday: 목요일, Friday: 금요일, Saturday: 토요일, Sunday: 일요일.

Months of the Year:
Jan: 일월, Feb: 이월, Mar: 삼월, Apr: 사월, May: 오월, Jun: 유월, Jul: 칠월, Aug: 팔월, Sep: 구월, Oct: 시월, Nov: 십일월, Dec: 십이월.

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Rules for Future Tense (-(으)ㄹ 거예요):
Rule 1: If the verb stem ends in a vowel, attach -ㄹ 거예요 directly to the bottom of the stem.
Rule 2: If the verb stem ends in a consonant, attach -을 거예요.
Rule 3: If the verb stem already ends in 'ㄹ', just add 거예요.

Conjugations:
(i) 자다 (To sleep) -> Stem ends in vowel -> 잘 거예요
(ii) 주다 (To give) -> Stem ends in vowel -> 줄 거예요
(iii) 공부하다 (To study) -> Stem ends in vowel -> 공부할 거예요
(iv) 마시다 (To drink) -> Stem ends in vowel -> 마실 거예요

Detailed Solution for (a):
Explanation of -(으)세요:
This is a polite imperative ending used to make requests or commands ("Please do..."). Use -세요 after a vowel and -으세요 after a consonant.

Change verbs to -(으)ㄹ까요? (Shall we...?):
(Rule: -ㄹ까요 after a vowel, -을까요 after a consonant).
(i) 오다 -> 올까요? (Shall we come? / Will it come?)
(ii) 주다 -> 줄까요? (Shall I give?)
(iii) 사다 -> 살까요? (Shall we buy?)
(iv) 만나다 -> 만날까요? (Shall we meet?)

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Detailed Solution for (b):
Translations to English:
(i) 물 마실까요? = Shall we drink water? / Shall I drink water?
(ii) 책 얼마예요? = How much is the book?
(iii) 카메라 사세요. = Please buy a camera.
(iv) 내일 금요일 이지요? = Tomorrow is Friday, right?
(v) 저는 공부할 수 있어요. = I can study.
(vi) 저는 영화 보고 싶어요. = I want to watch a movie.
(vii) 저는 집에 갔어요. = I went home.
(viii) 저는 인도사람 이에요. = I am Indian.

Detailed Solution for Q26:
Sino Korean (1-10): 일(1), 이(2), 삼(3), 사(4), 오(5), 육(6), 칠(7), 팔(8), 구(9), 십(10).
Native Korean (1-10): 하나(1), 둘(2), 셋(3), 넷(4), 다섯(5), 여섯(6), 일곱(7), 여덟(8), 아홉(9), 열(10).
Time (Hour = Native, Minute = Sino):
(i) 10:40 -> 열 시 사십 분
(ii) 02:10 p.m -> 오후 두 시 십 분
(iii) 6:00 -> 여섯 시
(iv) 5:55 -> 다섯 시 오십오 분
(v) 8:30 p.m -> 오후 여덟 시 삼십 분 (or 여덟 시 반)

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Detailed Solution for Q27:
(i) Nice to meet you -> 만나서 반갑습니다. (or 반가워요)
(ii) Do you have friend? -> 친구 있어요?
(iii) Where are you going? -> 어디에 가요?
(iv) Please drink water. -> 물(을) 마시세요. / 물 드세요.
(v) I will study. -> 저는 공부할 거예요.
(vi) I don't have money -> 저는 돈(이) 없어요.
(vii) Tomorrow is Sunday -> 내일은 일요일이에요.
(viii) I went to library -> 저는 도서관에 갔어요.
(ix) Are you student? -> 학생이에요?
(x) It is 500 won -> 오백 원이에요.
(xi) How much is the bag? -> 가방(은) 얼마예요?
(xii) Shall we go? -> 갈까요?
(xiii) I eat either apple or banana -> 저는 사과나 바나나를 먹어요.
(xiv) What are you doing? -> 뭐 해요?